Preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C) and grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the diced chicken and season with salt, pepper, and Italian seasoning. Cook for 5-7 minutes until the chicken is no longer pink.
Add the minced garlic and sliced mushrooms to the skillet. Sauté together for another 3-4 minutes until the mushrooms are tender.
Stir in the broccoli florets and cook for an additional 2 minutes, just until they are bright green.
In a large bowl, combine the cooked pasta, Alfredo sauce, and the chicken-mushroom-broccoli mixture. Mix well until all ingredients are coated evenly.
Transfer the pasta mixture into the prepared baking dish. Spread it out evenly and sprinkle the mozzarella and Parmesan cheese on top.
Bake in the preheated oven for 25-30 minutes, or until the cheese is bubbly and golden brown.
Remove from the oven and let it sit for 5 minutes before serving. Garnish with fresh parsley if desired.